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[TDIH] March 25th
**1584** - England: First American colonists set sail. **1655** - New World: Civil war between Catholics and Puritans in Maryland ends. **1811** - Refusing to admit writing The Necessity of Atheism, Percy Bysshe Shelley is expelled from Oxford. **1812** - Russia: Anarchist sympathizer Alexander Herzen lives, Moscow. Journalist, political writer, novelist (Who Is to Blame?, a novel about free love). Influenced by revolution and the French socialism of Saint-Simon. Took an active part in the Revolutions of 1848 in Paris and Rome. Founded the influential newspaper "The Bell" (Kolokol) in London. As a Russian critic, second only to Byelinsky in his time. Strongly influenced by Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and other anarchists. He helped finance his close friend Mikhail Bakunin's escape from Tsarist Russia. Herzen is also the main character in Tom Stoppard's "Coast of Utopia" trilogy (Voyage, Shipwreck, Salvage). >I am truly horrified by modern man. Such absence of feeling, such narrowness of outlook, such lack of passion and information, such feebleness of thought. **1823** - William Blake agrees to engrave the Inventions to the Book of Job. He is paid 5 pounds per plate. **1843** - France: Jules Montels lives. Militant in the Paris Commune of 1871, colonel of the Twelfth Federate Legion of the Commune. In 1877, he went to Russia where he became tutor of the children of Leo Tolstoï. Married to Lucie Gachet, Montels died on September 20, 1916 in Tunisia, where he was writer-in-chief of the Tunis Journal. **1871** - France: Proclamation de la Commune à Toulouse. **1872** - Canada: Toronto printers strike for the 9-hour day ? the first major strike in the country. **1873** - Rudolf Rocker lives. American immigrant anarchist leader Rudolf Rocker was an anarcho-syndicalist theorist, organizer, and anti-fascist. A Gentile, he became deeply involved in the Jewish anarchist movement. Rudolf learned Yiddish, lived in the Jewish community, and was the lifelong companion of Milly Witkop, also a libertarian and labor activist. Author of the important Nationalism and Culture. **1877** - France: Jean-Baptiste Knockaert lives (1857-1957), Tourcoing (northern). Anarcho-syndicalist, communist, then a free thinker. **1881** - Radical musicologist Bela Bartok lives, Nagy-szentmiklos, Austria-Hungary. **1887** - France: At four o?clock this afternoon, Clément Duval is deported from the military fortress of Toulon, bound for the prison vaults of French Guyana. He had a ghastly anticipation of what to expect from the very first day of his stay in the fortress. Duval spent 14 years in Guyana. In this time, he tried to escape more than 20 times, seizing every chance, every means: on rafts, on stolen or patiently built boats, hiding in ships that passed. Every time something went wrong. Until.... **1894** - Coxey's Army of ragtag bums (Common-Wealth Army) heads for Washington DC, demanding economic reform. Coxey, a well-to-do businessman who was a Populist and quite untypical of his class in other ways, proposed a plan of federal work relief on public roads to be financed by an issue of Treasury notes ? thus ending the depression of 1893 by means of monetary inflation and work relief for the unemployed. When Congress refused to pass this bill, Coxey stated, "We will send a petition to Washington with boots on." Thus Coxey's Army marched peacefully from Ohio to Washington, D.C. where they were cheered by crowds, but Coxey and his lieutenants were arrested by police and about 50 people were beaten or trampled. >When they busted all the unions, You can't make no living wage. And this working poor arrangement, Gonna turn to public rage. And then get ready . . . We're gonna bring back Coxey's Army And take his message to the street. ? Eddie Starr, "The Return of Coxey's Army," from the CD War Zone, Union Jax. **1900** - Italy: Gabriele D'Annunzio spiega in una dichiarazione al "Mattino" di Napoli le ragioni del suo passaggio dai banchi dell'estrema destra a quelli dell'estrema sinistra. **1911** - US: Triangle Shirt Waist Fire. The Triangle Shirt Waist Company, occupying the top floors of a 10-story building in New York, is consumed by fire. 147 people, mostly women and young girls, age 13 to 23, working in sweatshop conditions, lost their lives. Approximately 50 died as they leapt from windows to the street; the others were burned or trampled to death, desperately trying to escape via stairway exits illegally locked to prevent "the interruption of work." Company owners are charged with seven counts of manslaughter ? but are found not guilty. **1915** - Australia: Sisterhood of International Peace founded. **1916** - US: Ishi dies, last of his California-based former Native Indian tribe. **1921** - Argentina: Premier issue of the weekly anarchist paper "La Antorcha," in Buenos Aires. **1923** - Germany: Emma Goldman delivers a speech in Berlin, "Rudolf Rocker on the Occasion of his 50th Birthday." [Exact day not given by source; presumably on or about today ? ed.] **1926** - England: Emma Goldman returns to London for a series of six lectures ( March 25-April 29) on dramatists, including O'Neill, Ibsen, Susan Glaspell, and the German expressionists; Emma also delivers the same lectures in Yiddish as well as lecturing on Yiddish drama. **1931** - US: Black American activist Ida B. Wells dies, Chicago, Illinois. And if you ever have a chance to see Constant Star, see it. **1934** - Italy: Secondo plebiscito. Quasi il 99% dei votanti si esprime a favore del fascismo. I no sono solo lo 0,15%. Il fascismo può a buon titolo vantarsi di essere la più democratica espressione delle masse italiane. Il termine democratico non ha comunque nulla a che vedere nè con la giustizia nè con la libertà che sono aspetti attinenti la morale delle persone e non il risultato del voto delle masse. Also during this month, Vengono arrestati esponenti del gruppo torinese di Giustizia e Libertà. Altri saranno incarcerati nel corso dell'anno tra cui Mario Ginzburg che sarà condannato a 4 anni. **1936** - Wales: Emma Goldman delivers three lectures (March 25-27) to miners in South Wales ? at Mountain Ash, Ystradgynlais, and Aberdare ? sponsored by the National Council of Labour Colleges. Her lectures on "Mussolini and Hitler" and on "The Two Communisms" are surprisingly well received, as it is the first time that the Labour Colleges had provided a hearing for anarchism and a critique of Soviet Russia. **1939** - Toni Cade Bambara lives, New York. African American writer, civil-rights activist, and teacher. **1942** - Queen of Soul Aretha Franklin lives. **1944** - US: On or about today, Roman Forum in honor of Rudolf Rocker's 70th birthday. 1944 ? Testimonial to Rudolf Rocker 1873 - 1943. With contributions from F. W. Roman, A. E. Briggs, H. Yaffe. Los Angeles Rocker Publications Committee, 1944, 48 pages. A booklet comprised in large part of articles from the Roman Forum in honor of Rudolf Rocker's 70th birthday. **1954** - RCA manufactures the first COLOR television set. **1955** - US: Customs confiscate 520 copies of Allen Ginsberg's Howl as they enter the US. It will then be published by City Lights publishers in San Francisco, leading to the arrest of anarchist/poet/publisher Lawrence Ferlinghetti. Customs also seized and destroyed another shipment of Ginsberg's poetry sent from Canada in the 60s. The day after the poet's 36th birthday?520 copies of a book his press had published were confiscated by US Customs, acting under the order of Chester McPhee, US Collector of Customs. McPhee called the book "obscene": "you wouldn't want your children to come across it," he groused. The book was Howl and Other Poems. **1956** - At the conclusion of Alan Freed's 3-day Rock 'n' Roll Show at the Stage Theater in Hartford, Connecticut, police arrest 11 teens and pull the theater's license to operate. Hartford Institute of Living psychiatrist Dr. Francis J. Braceland to testify at license hearings that rock and roll is: >"a communicable disease with music appealing to adolescent insecurity and driving teenagers to do outlandish things...It's cannibalistic and tribalistic." **1957** - US: Customs again seizes Allen Ginsberg's book of poetry, Howl, this time the second printing published by City Lights Books in Frisco; the US District Attorney decides not to pursue, and the printing is released. But in August, Officer Friendlies from the Frisco Juvenile Dept raid City Lights Bookstore and charge the owner, anarchist and poet Larry Ferlinghetti with obscenity for selling copies of Howl. **1960** - Julia Bertrand (1877-1960) dies. French teacher, militant anarchist, feminist and free thinker. Participant in the feminist periodical "La femme affranchie". **1960** - US: Circuit Court of Appeals in NY rules the unexpurgated version of D. H. Lawrence's Lady Chatterley's Lover is not obscene. (or July 21, 1959?) **1965** - US: KKK murders Viola Liuzzo, age 39, a civil rights activist ? a housewife with five kids who grew up in the South, moved to Detroit and married a Teamsters business agent ? in Montgomery, Alabama. J. Edgar Hoover's FBI tried to discredit her, to smear her. Three Klansmen were arrested and eventually did time for "violating Viola Liuzzo's civil rights" by blowing her brains out. **1965** - US: Martin Luther King Jr., leads 25,000 into Montgomery, completing civil rights march begun in Selma. After a weeks-long struggle against local police, the civil rights march ends triumphantly with a 50,000 person demonstration in Montgomery. >"The question is not whether we will be extremists, but what kind of extremists we will be...The nation and the world are in dire need of creative extremists." ? Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. **1965** - One-time radical Max Eastman dies, Barbados. [Continued](http://www.reddit.com/r/Anarchism/comments/bhyut/tdih_march_25th/c0mux0a) more